Hydraulic fracturing in unconventional shale gas reservoirs. All of these make the hydraulic fracturing process a challenging task. Hydraulic fracturing used in the extraction of this resource requires a large volume of water and generates vast quantities of highly contaminated wastewater, i. Hydraulic fracturing is widely accepted and applied to improve the gas recovery in unconventional reservoirs. Hydraulic fracture contained within the organic shale hydraulic fracture grows above the organic shale best barriers for organic shales are conventional, high clay volume inorganic shales fractures that grow out of zone will result in poor production regardless of the reservoir quality 04jul11. We offer consulting services for companies worldwide, specializing in stimulation and well performance optimization.
This course presents the basics of oilfield geomechanics including stressstrain, pore pressure, rock behavior and wellbore applications and then focuses on the geomechanical characterization and modeling of unconventional reservoirs with the goal of optimizing multistage hydraulic fracturing operations in horizontal. Extraction of oil and gas from unconventional shale reservoirs that started in the u. Introduction the injection of water for hydraulic fracturing of deep, low permeability unconventional shale reservoirs has proven surprisingly effective for the extraction of natural gas. Hydraulic fracture optimization in unconventional reservoirs. Unconventional reservoirs can costeffectively produce gas only by using a special stimulation technique, like hydraulic fracturing, or other special recovery process and technology. Once the formation breaks down, a fracture is formed, and the injected fluid begins moving down the.
Hydraulic fracturing in near wellbore region or bulk reservoir in conventional reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing adjusts the skin effect around the wellbore only in unconventional reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing is performed in multistage and with long fracture length to enhance permeability in larger areas. It is important to understand hydraulic fracture propagation. Hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs theories, operations, and economic analysis 2nd edition details this book presents the latest operations and. This is often because the gas is highly dispersed in the rock, rather than occurring.
Hydraulic fracturing direction sh s sh sh sh 28 low stress anisotropy lower seismic anisotropy wide fracture fairway high stress. With the recent industry focus on unconventional resources and the associated need for effective hydraulic fracture treatments to stimulate flow, microseismic monitoring has become a commonplace technology in. Theories, operations, and economic analysis introduces the basic characteristics and theories surrounding hydraulic fracturing and the main process of fracturing in shale, including the main workflow, the details in case analysis, and the fundamental differences between theory, study, and. Chapter five hydraulic fracturing fluid systems pages 4769. Unconventional reservoirs to be addressed here are with very low permeability.
In most of the cases, the use description system implemented in. Hydraulic fracturing is a technique used in unconventional gas production. Techniques used to hydraulically fracture horizontal wells completed in shale reservoirs often require larger volumes of fracturing fluid than might be common for conventional, vertical well stimulations. With the recent industry focus on unconventional resources and the associated need for effective hydraulic fracture treatments to stimulate flow, microseismic monitoring has become a commonplace technology in the geophysical community. Hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs theories. Microseismic monitoring provides operators with crucial information to improve these operations and helps reservoir engineers. A comprehensive approach to select completion and fracturing. In june, schlumberger introduced a step change in fracturing technology with the commercialization of its hiway flowchan nel hydraulic fracturing service, which delivers increased pro duction with 45% less proppant. Efficient use of data analytics in optimization of hydraulic. Geomechanicfor hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs. Hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs 1st edition.
Introduction to fracturing hydraulic fracturing and horizontal wells are not new tools for the oil and gas industry. Welcome,you are looking at books for reading, the hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs, you will able to read or download in pdf or epub books and notice some of author may have lock the live reading for some of country. From tight gas, to oil and gasproducing shales and coal bed methane, resource plays rely on hydraulic fracturing for commercial viability. Hydraulic fracturing has been used in the oil and natural gas industry since the 1940s, producing more than 700 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 15 billion barrels of oil since the practice began. Comparison of water use for hydraulic fracturing for unconventional oil and gas versus conventional oil b.
Hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs by hoss belyadi, ebrahim fathi, fatemeh belyadi get hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs now with oreilly online learning. Nicot bureau of economic geology, jackson school of geosciences, the university of texas at austin, 10100 burnet road, austin, texas 78758, united states s. Nicot bureau of economic geology, jackson school of geosciences, the university of texas at austin, 10100 burnet road, austin, texas 78758, united states s supporting information. Assessment of the use of substances in hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing is extensively used to develop unconventional reservoirs, such as tight gas, shale gas and shale oil reservoirs. Evaluating the environmental implications of hydraulic. Hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs 2nd edition.
The first fracturing experiment was in 1947 and the process was accepted as commercial by 1950. Hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs download. Introduction the injection of water for hydraulic fracturing of deep, low permeability unconventional shale reservoirs has proven surprisingly effective for the extraction of natural gas alexander et al. Hydraulic fracturing insights from microseismic monitoring. Pdf spe177549ms efficient use of data analytics in. Next, hybrid fluid systems and their applications in hydraulic fracturing of shale reservoirs are explained. In most of the cases, the use description system implemented in iuclid section 3. The economical production of hydrocarbons from these unconventional oil and gas reservoirs requires very advanced and cost effective technologies. Comparison of water use for hydraulic fracturing for.
Hydraulic fracturing engineering and technology history wiki. Hydraulic fracturing in near wellbore region or bulk reservoir in conventional reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing adjusts the skin effect around the wellbore only in unconventional reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing is performed in multistage and with long fracture length. Resource recovery and reuse for hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing has become a critical component in the successful development of unconventional reservoirs. Some of the challenges today in fracturing revolve around the scale of the fracture operations and. Schlumberger public hydraulic fracturing direction 27 04jul11. The first horizontal well was in the 1930s and horizontal wells were common by the late 1970s. Co2 foam as an improved fracturing fluid system for. Theories, operations, and economic analysis introduces the basic characteristics and theories surrounding hydraulic fracturing and the main process of fracturing in shale, including the main workflow, the details in case analysis, and the fundamental differences between theory, study, and practical operation. Unconventional resource is an umbrella term for oil and natural gas that is produced by means that do not meet the criteria for conventional production. Enhanced to include todays newest technologies, such as machine learning and the monitoring of field performance using pressure and rate transient.
An overview of hydraulic fracturing and other formation stimulation technologies for shale gas production updated 2015 this report presents an update of the original study carried out in 20 eur 26347. Tight reservoirs organic rich shale reservoirs oil shale cbm. Geomechanicfor hydraulic fracturing in unconventional. For the development of shale gas reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing is essential to create fractures and keep the fracture network open to help gas escape from rock matrix with low permeability. The process of unconventional natural gas production. An overview of hydraulic fracturing and other formation.
Hydraulic fracturing is the process of pumping a fluid into a wellbore at an injection rate that is too great for the formation to accept in a radial flow pattern. Microseismic monitoring is the key technology to image hydraulic fractures. At present, combination of the multistage hydraulic fracturing and horizontal wells has become a widely used technology in stimulating unconventional tight reservoirs in western canadian sedimentary basin wcsb. Hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs book. Hydraulic fracturing operations affect reservoir flow dynamics and increase production in unconventional tight reservoirs. Unconventional reservoir fracturing 26 evaluation 04jul11. Hydraulic fracturing is the technology that better defines and incorporates the meaning of the socalled unconventional petroleum industry. Hydraulic fracturing insights from microseismic monitoring horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing revolutionized the exploitation of tight and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. Hydraulic fracturing is often used in conjunction with horizontal drilling, which can greatly increase the amount of oil and gas recovered. Therefore it need a free signup process to obtain the book. Unconventional resources are oil or gasbearing units where the permeability and porosity are so low that the resource cannot be extracted economically through a vertical well bore and instead requires a horizontal well bore followed by multistage hydraulic fracturing to achieve economic production. Unconventional reservoirs to be addressed here are with very low permeability, complicated geological settings and insitu stress field etc. Unconventional oil and gas reservoirs are being explored significantly around the globe nowadays.
What has qualified as unconventional at any particular time is a complex function of resource characteristics, the available exploration and production technologies, the economic environment, and the scale, frequency and duration of production. Geomechanics for unconventional and tight reservoirs. The book takes the complex nature of the hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs and applies a practical approach that can. Unconventional reservoirs have gained substantial attention due to huge amount of stored reserves which are challenging to produce. Microseismic monitoring provides operators with crucial information to. Specifically, 26 use names2 have been considered as potentially relevant for hydraulic fracturing of shale gas reservoirs to different extents and have been investigated. A distinction can be made between conventional, lowvolume hydraulic fracturing, used to stimulate highpermeability reservoirs for a single well, and unconventional, highvolume hydraulic fracturing, used in the completion of tight gas and shale gas wells. The control of fracture growth and geometry presents challenges in formations in which the boundary lithologies are not highly stressed in comparison to the pay zone, thus failing to prevent the upward migration of fractures. Hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs sciencedirect. Some of the challenges today in fracturing revolve around the scale of. Hydraulic fracturing is an effective method to increase the production from these unconventional reservoirs. Theories, operations, and economic analysis, second edition, presents the latest operations and applications in all facets of fracturing.
Unconventional reservoirs to be addressed here are with very low permeability, complicated geological settings and insitu stress. Abstract this chapter starts with a detailed discussion on slick water and crosslinked gel fluid systems and their applications. Geomechanicfor hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reserv oirs 1 raul german rachid. The massive hydraulic fracturing mhf treatment involves more than 1 million gallon 3. Hydraulic fracturing unconventional reservoirs heterogeneity numerical method abstract hydraulic fracturing is widely accepted and applied to improve the gas recovery in unconventional reservoirs. However, the extremely low permeability of shale gas reservoirs requires complex and timeconsuming analysis to select optimum completion and fracturing fluids.
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